Analysing the short-term reduction in streamflow pH resulting from acidic precipitation

نویسندگان

  • W. J. GBUREK
  • H. B. PIONKE
  • W. J. Gburek
  • H. B. Pionke
چکیده

The effects of acidic precipitation on stream chemistry were measured on an east-central Pennsylvania basin. When combined with flow and chemical mass balances, the data can help quantify hydrological source areas and their contributions to acidic storm hydrographs. For small storms on the well-buffered agricultural basin, small volumes of acidic precipitation falling directly on the stream surface react with more alkaline inflows from subsurface flow and surface runoff components to reduce streamflow pH temporarily by approximately one-half unit. During larger storms, the pH of surface runoff approaches that of precipitation, causing a relatively large acidic loading to the stream. However, this large input is buffered by a correspondingly larger subsurface flow component which results in stream pH reductions similar to those observed during the smaller events. Hydrological interpretations derived from a pH based mass balance are reinforced by a mass balance based on electrical conductivity and are consistent with the variable source area concept of basin hydrology. Analyse de la diminution temporaire du pH des cours d'eau résultant de précipitations acides Résumé Les effets des précipitations acides sur la composition chimique des cours d'eau ont été mesurées dans un bassin versant de centre-est de la Pennsylvanie. Ces données, combinées aux bilans hydrologiques et chimiques, peuvent aider à déterminer les zones d'alimentation et à quantifier leur contribution aux hydrogrammes de crues résultant d'averses acides. Pour de petites averses sur le bassin versant étudié, qui est agricole et bien tamponné, la réaction de faibles volumes de précipitations acides sur un écoulement plus alcalin d'eaux superficielles provoque une diminution temporaire du pH d'environ une demi-unité. Pour des averses plus importantes, le pH du ruissellement superficiel est proche de celui des précipitations, ce qui augmente la charge acide du cours d'eau. Cet apport massif est cependant tamponné par un flux souterrain proportionnellement plus important, ce qui produit des diminutions de pH équivalentes à celles observées lors d'averses moins conséquentes. Les interprétations hydrologiques s'appuyant sur un bilan de masse fondé sur le pH sont confortées par un bilan de masse fondé sur la conductivité électrique et sont cohérentes avec le concept de zones d'alimentation variables.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Long-term Streamflow Forecasting by Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Using K-fold Cross-validation: (Case Study: Taleghan Basin, Iran)

Streamflow forecasting has an important role in water resource management (e.g. flood control, drought management, reservoir design, etc.). In this paper, the application of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used for long-term streamflow forecasting (monthly, seasonal) and moreover, cross-validation method (K-fold) is investigated to evaluate test-training data in the model.Then,...

متن کامل

Using the IHACRES model to investigate the impacts of changing climate on streamflow in a semi-arid basin in north-central Iran

Understanding the variations of streamflow of rivers is an important prerequisite for designing hydraulic structures as well as managing surface water resources in basins. An overview of the impact of climate change on the streamflow in the Hablehroud River, the main river of a semi-arid basin in north-central Iran, is provided. Using the LARS-WG statistical downscaling model, the outputs of Ha...

متن کامل

Assessment of Three Long-Term Gridded Climate Products for Hydro-Climatic Simulations in Tropical River Basins

Gridded climate products (GCPs) provide a potential source for representing weather in remote, poor quality or short-term observation regions. The accuracy of three long-term GCPs (Asian Precipitation—Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration towards Evaluation of Water Resources: APHRODITE, Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Network-Climate D...

متن کامل

Mapping and attribution of change in streamflow in the coterminous United States

An increasing trend in global streamflow has been variously attributed to global warming, land use, and a reduction in plant transpiration under higher CO2 levels. To separate these influences for the coterminous United States, we use a set of over 1000 United States Geological Survey stream gauges primarily from small, minimally disturbed watersheds to estimate annual streamflow per unit area ...

متن کامل

Comparative evaluation of short-term leach tests for heavy metal release from mineral processing waste.

Evaluation of metal leaching using a single leach test such as the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) is often questionable. The pH, redox potential (E(h)), particle size and contact time are critical variables in controlling metal stability, not accounted for in the TCLP. This paper compares the leaching behavior of metals in mineral processing waste via short-term extraction te...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2007